The Neon Tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) is one of the most dazzling and iconic freshwater aquarium fish. Originally hailing from the blackwater streams of South America, their striking red, blue, and silver coloration combined with their peaceful, social nature makes them a favorite among aquarists. While their care requires some attention to detail, they are a rewarding addition to community tanks.

Species Overview

• Common Names: Neon Tetra, Neon Fish
• Scientific Name: Paracheirodon innesi
• Adult Size: Up to 1.5 inches (4 cm)
• Lifespan: 5–10 years
• Family: Characidae
• Tank Level: Mid-dweller
• Care Level: Intermediate
• pH Range: Up to 7.0
• Temperature Range: 68–79°F (20–26°C)
• Social Behavior: Peaceful shoaling fish

Origin and Natural Habitat

Neon Tetras are native to the blackwater streams and tributaries of the Amazon and Orinoco River basins, spanning Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. In their natural environment, these fish inhabit soft, acidic water shaded by dense rainforest canopies, where they form schools and feed on insects, crustaceans, and plant matter.

Most Neon Tetras available today are captive-bred, with a variety of strains, including long-finned, golden, and diamond varieties, which offer subtle variations on their vibrant natural beauty.

Colors and Markings

Neon Tetras are renowned for their vivid, iridescent colors.

• A neon-blue stripe runs from their nose to the adipose fin.
• A bright red stripe begins midway along the body and extends to the tail.
• Their underside is a shimmering silver-white.

These colors not only make them stunning but also help them stay visible to each other in the dimly lit waters of their native habitat. However, their coloration can fade at night or when they are stressed, ill, or alarmed.

Tankmates and Compatibility

Neon Tetras are peaceful and thrive in community tanks with similarly non-aggressive species.

• Compatible Tankmates: Rasboras, dwarf gouramis, Cory catfish, and other small tetras.
• Avoid: Large or predatory fish, such as angelfish or larger tetras, which may see Neons as prey.

Always keep Neon Tetras in groups of at least six. They are shoaling fish, and their social behavior helps reduce stress and enhance their natural activity.

Habitat and Tank Requirements

• Tank Size: A minimum of 10 gallons is needed for a small school.
• Water Conditions:
• Soft and acidic water is ideal (pH ≤ 7.0, hardness ≤ 10 dGH).
• Use driftwood or blackwater extracts to mimic their natural environment.
• Lighting: Dim to moderate, with floating plants to diffuse light.
• Décor: Provide plenty of plants and hiding spots, such as driftwood and caves, while leaving open swimming space in the mid-level of the tank.
• Substrate: A dark substrate enhances their colors and replicates their natural habitat.

New tanks undergoing the nitrogen cycle are unsuitable for Neon Tetras, as they are highly sensitive to water quality fluctuations.

Diet and Feeding

Neon Tetras are omnivorous and benefit from a varied diet:

• Staple Foods: High-quality flake food or small granules.
• Supplementary Foods: Live or frozen brine shrimp, daphnia, and bloodworms.
• Feeding Frequency: 2–4 times daily, offering only as much as they can eat in 2 minutes.

Avoid overfeeding, as uneaten food can harm water quality and lead to health issues like bloating or constipation.

Breeding Neon Tetras

Breeding Neon Tetras in captivity requires specific conditions:

1. Setup: Use a separate breeding tank with soft water (1–2 dGH), pH 5.0–6.0, and a temperature of 72–75°F (22–24°C).
2. Preparation: Condition the breeding pair with live foods. Gradually increase lighting to simulate dawn and encourage spawning.
3. Spawning: The female lays over 100 adhesive eggs, often on plants. Remove the parents immediately to prevent them from eating the eggs.
4. Hatching: Eggs hatch in 24 hours, and fry feed on their yolk sacs for the first few days. Begin feeding infusoria, rotifers, or commercial fry food once they are free-swimming.

Low hatch rates are common, but the fry will begin to show adult coloration after about a month.

Why Choose Neon Tetras?

Neon Tetras are a vibrant and peaceful addition to any freshwater aquarium. While they require stable water conditions and some care, their striking colors and engaging behavior make them a joy to observe. Their compatibility with other small, peaceful fish ensures they can thrive in diverse community setups.

FAQ

• How many Neon Tetras should be kept together?
  A group of six or more is essential for their well-being.
• Are Neon Tetras suitable for beginners?
  While not the easiest fish to care for, informed beginners can successfully keep Neon Tetras with proper research and attention to tank setup and water quality.
• Do they need pairs or groups?
  They are shoaling fish and should always be kept in groups rather than pairs.